Immobilization of Lead by Phosphated Biochar Produced from Fish Farming Sludge and Sewage Sludge in a Contaminated Urban Soil

An evaluation was conducted on the application of phosphate biochar produced from Sewage Sludge (SS) a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) for lead immobilization in contaminated soils Human Settlement (HS) Virgin Guadalupe, district Mi Peru. Biochar generated by slow pyrolysis process at 500°C. The dosed 10% biochar/soil lead-contaminated soil, and factors studied were type time application. A complete factorial design performed, data processed using Design Expert v11 software. results showed that maximum 50.83% BSS 20 days dose biochar/soil. According to model, an R² 0.85, adjusted 0.83, F-value 79.64, p-values lower than 0.05 (95%) obtained, indicating factor (F2) is significant treatment. It concluded both types sludge have potential immobilization.